Business Planning And Decision Making - 879 Words

People are constantly making plans or making decisions. In morden business world, a plan has to be made if a new project been assigned, or there is going to have a major change in the direction of where the business will be reroute. A good plan will parepare us better for uncertainty, which can help to ensure the success in the future. Meanwhile, business decisions are constantly being made by managers at each management level. A good decision determines the fail or success of a business operation. No doubt that business planning and decision making are mututal important in a business operation, many factors can contrubute to quality planning and decision making. Among all the factors, personal factors and environment factors are the two major topic in today’s business world. The purpose of this article is to take a deep look at what are the major personal and environmental facors in today’s business world that will positively influence the business planning and decisio n making. To answer above questions, we should first take a deep look at what are the steps involved in basic business planning process. Business planning are understand widely as the the quantative works that the founders of a entrepreneur carried out to collect business information and research for new opportunities. The basic activities are gathering and analyzing information, evaluating objetives, identifying risks and strategy, preparing or enlarging funding, and compiling paper plan (Cox, 2014).Show MoreRelatedManagerial Accounting1152 Words   |  5 PagesAccounting Accounting is a crucial part in running a business. There are various forms of accounting that can be used, it is very important to know which technique is best to use for what companies. Once you figure out a particular technique to use, it is important to keep an open mind if there are any changes that need to take place in the business. By keeping an open mind helps the business adjust and be able to make the right decisions. Every business wants to make a profit; accounting is an importantRead MoreEssay on The Strategic Planning Process1078 Words   |  5 Pagesplan altered steps involved in the planning process, but in this case I will discuss on seven steps that are involved in the entire process. The first step is goal setting. This basically involves coming up with the main objectives and goals that the company wishes to establish within a particular period of time. It is a very important section because the company will operate with a view of the goal in mind, if it is not clearly established, and then the business could lose direction along the wayRead MoreManagement And Future Direction Of A Business1072 Words   |  5 PagesChapter Overview Chapter 3 talks about how decision-making skills are put to work in making strategic choices for the management and future direction of a business. Goals that companies make are targets or results that managers hope to achieve. Managers must plan out what needs to get done, when it will get done, who will do it and how it will be done. When it comes to plans, there are two basic components: goals and action. â€Å"Formal plans are written documents that capture key strategic objectivesRead MoreQuestionnaire And Questionnaire On Customer Requirements Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment (e.g., well-lit environment both inside and outside the store including the parking lot) (CR4). †¢ Offer promotion/discount (CR5). †¢ Multiple payment options (e.g., cash, check, credit card) (CR6). †¢ E-commerce and online presence (e.g., publish business information and offer product/service through a website or social media site) (CR7). †¢ Pricing (e.g., reasonable price for product/ service) (CR8). 4.2. Comparing the importance and satisfaction levels of attributes All CRs are rated differentlyRead MoreFinancing And The Development And Implementation Of Strategies1190 Words   |  5 PagesStrategies SUMMARY The role of finance within the strategic planning process has become more relevant than ever. With the introduction of the balanced scorecard the financial performance of a firm has been emphasized has a key indicator of success and links strategic goals to performance and provide timely, useful information in order to facilitate strategic decisions. The article, The Role of Finance in the Strategic-Planning and Decision-Making Process, by Pedro M. Kono and Barry Barnes discusses howRead MoreStrategic Planning And It Management1424 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic planning is the process of determining a companys long-term goals and then identifying the best approach for achieving those goals (Wikipedia). This process aligns strategic planning with overall organization planning by assessing organizational objectives and strategies, setting the organizational mission and mandate, assessing the external environment and setting policies, objectives and strategies (Wikipedia). A study co mpleted in 1999 revealed that less than 40% of US businesses includedRead MoreFinance Theory and Financial Strategy1195 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategy Strategic Planning means several things. But it certainly is a part of the decision-making in resource management of the business benefits. Finance theory has significant advantages in understanding the function of capital markets, the valuation of real assets and financial assets. Discounted cash flow analysis(DCF) is a tool that derived from finance theory which has been widely used. However finance theory also has little effect on strategic planning and there are three differencesRead MoreStrategic Issues in Entreprenuerial Ventures1565 Words   |  7 PagesISSUES IN ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES AND SMALL BUSINESSES The Importance of Small-Business and Entrepreneurial Ventures A. Definition of Small-Business Firms and Entrepreneurial Ventures The most commonly accepted definition of a small business firm is one that employs fewer than 500 people and that generates sales of less than $20 million annually. According to the U.S. Small Business Administration, â€Å"A small business is one which is independently owned and operated, and which is not dominant inRead MoreStrategic Planning at BP1198 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The planning function is where management seeks to design corporate actions that will help the organization meet its strategic objectives. The strategic planning process is usually step-based, in order to ensure that the organization takes a proactive approach to planning, rather than a reactive approach. The strategic planning process begins with setting the corporate mission and objectives as the first step. Most corporations will have a broad vision for the company and a mission that are expressedRead MoreAn Explanation Of The Strategic Management Process1655 Words   |  7 Pages 1. An explanation of the strategic management process Defining the current business, establishing strategic objectives, formulating strategy, strategy implementation and execution. Definition of Strategic Management Strategic management is the process where leaders establish an organization’s long-term direction, set the speciï ¬ c performance objectives, develop strategies to achieve these objectives in the light of all external and internal changes, and undertake effective strategies

An Analytical Summary Free Essays

Se Habla Espanol By Tanya Barrientos An Analytical Summary Tre A. Williams Kimberly Muirhead English 115 11/14/2012 Tanya Maria Barrientos, a journalist by profession and an upcoming author is Guatemalan by birth. However she has been living in America for almost fifty years after coming from her native country at the age of three. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analytical Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now The essay ‘Se Habla Espanol’ is a poignant depiction of the search for her misplaced identity that she desperately tried to forget in her formative years. Her aversion towards her own ethnicity can be summarized by this quote of hers, â€Å"when I was sixteen, I told my father how much I hated being called Mexican-not only because I wasn’t, but also because the word was hurled as an insult† (Page 59). The most important point of the essay is the difficulty the immigrants face while growing up in a land, which is not their by birth as how they are inherently misfit in the society, yet they desperately want to merge into it by forgetting their language and ignoring their last names. Barrientos starts the essay the quite aptly by depicting her child hood days as how her parents consciously forgot their own culture to assimilate their kids in the alien ‘gringo’ culture. Although they themselves talked to each other in Spanish, yet they talked to their kids in English, maintain the American culture within the house and kept their kids as far away as possible from other Latin Americans and Latin American Culture. The result was dark skinned kids who consider themselves white and hate to be called Latin American or Mexican. Barrientos’ mental state in her growing years can be ascertained by these words, â€Å"I enjoyed looking into the faces of Latino store clerks and waitresses and, yes, even our maid, and saying ‘yo no hablo espanol’. It made me feel superior. It made me feel American. It made me feel white† (Page 58). The situation completely changed when Barrientos reached her 20’s. Suddenly the societal conditions changed and the country woke up to recognize various cultures and ethnicities that made the United States of America that we know today. The culture baggage was no longer considered a baggage now and in fact it gave uniqueness to the immigrants. Now, Barrientos tries to learn Spanish and also desperately tries to search her lost identity while learning Spanish. However, now the unfortunate thing is that in spite of trying hard in learning Spanish, she is still managed to understand and haltingly speak Spanish that makes her stick out in her own community and she can never gel completely within her own community. The purpose of Barrientos’ writing clearly indicates the experience, the second generation immigrants feel, behave and communicate in the modern American society. She explains the experience of her life and analyzes the difficulties she had to endure throughout her life. Her audience primarily is young and most of them are not white Americans like her. The exceptional thing about Barrientos’ essay is that she has written it in a very exceptional, lucid and easy to understand English. Thus, Se Habla Espanol is an excellent essay, which depicts and analyzes a modern day issue, which has established as a major phenomenon in today’s world. Moreover, it is very much evident in America because it has always been a melting pot of varied cultures belonging to all over the world. References Create. (2001). ENC 1101. Corinthian. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill. Border-Line Personalities: A New Generation of Latinas Dish on Sex, Sass, and Cultural Shifting [Paperback] Michelle Herrera Mulligan (Author), Robyn Moreno (Author) Se Habla Espanol ByTanya Barrientos page 167. How to cite An Analytical Summary, Essay examples

Business Workplace Policies Benefits

Question: Describe about the Business Workplace Policies Benefits. Answer: Why are workplace policies and procedures important? List five key benefits. Workplace policies and procedures are important for any organization as it deals with day to day problems. The five key benefits of workplace are as follows: Workplace policies and procedures are quite significant to the organization since they convey standards of personal and professional behavior expected from employees. Instead of wasting time in asking minute details again and again, workplace policies help in defining roles and responsibilities along with rules of the organization to enhance efficiency of workplace. They make decision-making process easier and undisputable while dealing with organizational conflicts. The communication channels are clearly visible if an organization has precise workplace policies. It ascertains employees that they will be treated fairly and equally. (NSW Government, 2013) Briefly explain why it is important that workplace policies and procedures are provided and explained to staff? It is very important that workplace policies and procedures should be clearly communicated to the employees because it will help them in knowing that what is expected from them. Besides that, it will be a great help to managers or employers to manage staff issues and grievances. A concise and clear communication of these policies is required to avoid any ambiguity in tasks and further misunderstandings among employees. When should staff be provided with policies and procedures? When an employee joins an organization, he is given an induction training in which his/ her reporting head should convey the policies and procedures of the workplace. If this is not feasible, employees should be given manuals containing organizational policies. The best time to do so is the time when an employee first enters the companys premises so that he/ she may be able to adjust to the workplace environment from the very beginning. List three methods of informing staff about changes to policies and procedures. Three methods of notifying employees about the change policies and procedures are: The manager may conduct a face to face communication with large group of employees at a time during staff meeting to inform about the altered policies. Publish the changed policies in the written format in staff manuals Transmit the information through intranet system of an organization What is the purpose of a workplace Code of Conduct? Workplace code of conduct is required to give clear path to resolve disputes among colleagues. It also provides clear guidelines as to acceptable behavior of employees, their dress code, their roles and responsibilities, companys values, ethical guidelines, etc. to avoid any ambiguity or confusion in such cases, workplace code of conduct is designed in organizations (Lupin, 2016). List three behaviors that a workplace Code of Conduct can cover. Three behaviors that can be covered under the organization's code of conduct are: Accountability Values that are expected from all members Standard of practice (Amico, 2016) List three benefits of networking. Strengthen the working relationships Creates new ideas and opportunity to enhance knowledge Access to wide information and thereby gains advice of experienced staff List two benefits to employers of a diverse workplace? Diverse workplace enhances productivity and thus, creates a competitive edge It adds to the value of an organization through increasing creativity and building an opportunity for operating in the international market (Johnson, 2016) Describe the main function of the Fair Work Act 2009? It is an Australian Act which provides a guideline to rules and regulations for employers and employees that must be adhere to in a workplace as per the national laws. Its main purpose is to check the behavior of both the parties and avoid illegitimate or unfair practices by them so as to enhance national prosperity and social interactions in the country (Australian Government, 2009). What is Equal Employment Opportunity? It is the most significant concept for both employers and employees. It indicates that everyone should be given an equal chance of employment in an organization. In other words, there should be no discrimination based on age, sex, religion or other aspects in the process of hiring, firing, wage settlement, promotions and transfers of employees. Describe the main function of the Disability Discrimination Act 1992. This law was presented and passed by Australian Parliament to avoid any discrimination against disabled people. Its main function is to protect the rights and interests of the disabled population of the country. The law applies to certain areas like land and property, provision of goods, education and health amenities. (Australian Government, 1992). List the objectives of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975. The objective of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 is to prohibit the act of racial discrimination and offensive behavior which is supported by racial hatred (Australian Govenrment, 2014). List the objectives of the Sex Discrimination Act 1984. The main purpose of the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 is to forbid the discrimination from the public life on the basis of several grounds including sex, relationship status, gender identity, sexual orientation and pregnancy status (Australian Govenrment, 2014). 2. Dear All, This is to inform you about the launch of new formal systems and processes within a company for several operating areas. The formal system includes workplace communication and consultation policy, code of conduct and dispute resolution policy. The company has adopted a code of conduct that outlines its commitment towards achieving goals with integrity and honesty. It includes the ethical behavior of the workplace and thus benefits to the company. The communication strategies avoid conflict and provide effective mechanism for feedback and hence, include such policies which help in resolving disputes among workforce within a company. Please find the attached documents. Looking forward to your feedback. Thanks and Regards ABC Attachment: Code of Conduct Comply with all the legal guidelines, company policies and procedures Respect everyone in the workplace Display professionalism in all their conduct at workplace Create the workplace culture embedded with integrity and honesty Maintain privacy and confidentiality of clients One should not accept any favors clients (Amico, 2016) Workplace Communication and Consultation Policy and Procedure Step1: The employees should report the problems and issues to a concerned manager or a supervisor Step2: If the issue is not resolved by a manager, an employee must report it to High Stage Regulator of a company or a team, who can discuss the issue with a line manager or senior supervisor, if required Step 3: Even if the problem is not solved yet, then, an employee can directly contact with the director of a company and thus get feedback Dispute Resolution Policy and Procedure Step 1. The initial application should be provided by a client or an employee/ employer to the concerned person Step 2. A formal letter should be sent to the affected party for a discussion through meeting Step 3. Based on the company's policies and minutes of the meeting, the disputes should be resolved by negotiation, mediation and arbitration depending upon the concerned issue Step 4. With the discussion, related parties involved in the dispute will reach to a solution Step 5. If the issue is complex and highly technical and thereby, a concerned authority is unable to solve the dispute among parties, then, it may further approach the court for finding a solution. 3. Establishment of professional development plan is essential for the expansion of the company. In order to develop a professional networking plan, there are three networks that can associate employer and employee to accomplish a particular task. A General Manager can develop a local business network, employees group and staff association to create specific ideas. These association of network helps in establishing a professional event within a firm. Four events for the next twelve months can be conferences and seminars, team building events, press conference and board meetings. The success of these events helps the firm to contribute towards generating profit for the company by formulating and defining the company's rules and regulations. Name of the event Venue Date and Time Cost of the event Benefit to General Manager Benefit to the team Conferences and seminars Crown Events and Conferences 16th October, 2016 AUD $ 10000 The general manager can influence people at a large and thereby increases productivity of the company. It enables the employees to enhance their network and share their existing knowledge among other employees in the Accountancy Victoria. Team building events Citadines on Bourke 5th January, 2017 AUD $ 9500 The manager can achieve its goals efficiently through clarity of objectives specified to the employees at the event. Manager can address to the concerned issues by providing effective working procedure. Employees can motivate and develop themselves by enhancing their skills. Better communication among employees can also be done through breaking barriers among them. Press conference Hilton Sydney 18th May, 2017 AUD $ 15000 Manager can announce its vision, mission and achievements which in turn builds company's reputation and manager as well in the operating market. Achievement of employees performance can be recognized in the press conference which motivates them towards their work. Board meetings Centre Ivanhoe 4th August, 2017 AUD $ 7000 General Manager can establish a strategic direction with mutual understanding of other board members which increases his credibility and legitimacy. Employees can address their issues to the top management, which helps them to solve related concerns and thereby increases their productivity. 4. Email inviting Beth to a meeting Dear Beth, Hope you are doing well! I would like to formally invite you for the meeting that is going to be held on 28th September, 2016 at 11:00 a.m. at Accountancy Victoria. We will be discussing about your weak performance during the last two months. During this time period it has been observed that you were not able to complete the assigned task on time and even you not have provided the correct information to the clients. This discussion will help us to avoid any confusion and thereafter will result into improvement in your performance at the workplace. I look forward to meeting with you discussing about the same matter. Regards, XYZ Follow up email: Dear Berth, It was pleasure meeting you today. We have discussed a reason behind your under- performance. After observing the situation and listening to your concerned issues, I have decided to provide you with the company's policies and procedure of performing a task. I appreciate that you have accepted your mistake and apologized for the same. I remember you have mentioned that you will make changes in your working process and improve your communication with clients. This will add value to our company. I am happy to meet you again. Regards, XYZ References Amico, S., 2016. Workplace Ethics Behavior. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/workplace-ethics-behavior-5239.html [Accessed 9 September 2016]. Australian Govenrment, 2014. Racial Discrimination Act 1975. Australian Government. Australian Govenrment, 2014. Sex Discrimination Act 1984. Australian Govenrment. Australian Government, 1992. Disability Discrimination Act 1992. Australian Government. Australian Government, 2009. Fair Work Legislation. Australian Government. Johnson, R., 2016. What Are the Advantages of a Diverse Workforce? [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-diverse-workforce-18780.html [Accessed 2016]. Lupin, 2016. Code of Conduct Workplace Ethics. [Online] Available at: www.lupin.com/pdf/COC.pd [Accessed 9 September 2016]. NSW Government, 2013. Industrial RElations: Workplace Policies and Procedures. NSW Government.

The Atomic Bomb and its Effects on Post

The Atomic Bomb and its Effects on Post-World War Essay II American Literature Gioielli 1 Rob Gioielli Mrs. McFarlan Senior English 6 Dec. 1994 Then a tremendous flash of light cut across the sky . Mr. Tanimoto has a distinct recollection that it traveled from east to west, from the city toward the hills. We will write a custom essay on The Atomic Bomb and its Effects on Post-World War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It seemed like a sheet of sun.John Hersey, from Hiroshima, pp.8On August 6, 1945, the world changed forever. On that day the United States of America detonated an atomic bomb over the city of Hiroshima. Never before had mankind seen anything like. Here was something that was slightly bigger than an ordinary bomb, yet could cause infinitely more destruction. It could rip through walls and tear down houses like the devils wrecking ball. In Hiroshima it killed 100,000 people, most non-military civilians. Three days later in Nagasaki it killed roughly 40,000 . The immediate effects of these bombings were simple. The Japanese government surrendered, unconditionally, to the United States. The rest of the world rejoiced as the most destructive war in the history of mankind came to an end . All while the survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki tried to piece together what was left of their lives, families and homes. Over the course of the next forty years, these two bombings, and the nuclear arms race that followed them, would come to have a direct or indirect effect on almost every man, woman and child on this Earth, including people in the United States. The atomic bomb would penetrate every fabric of American existence. From our politics to our educational system. Our industry and our art. Historians have gone so far as to call this period in our history the atomic age for the way it has shaped and guided world politics, relations and culture. The entire history behind the bomb itself is rooted in Twentieth Century physics. At the time of the bombing the science of physics had been undergoing a revolution for the past thirty-odd years. Scientists now had a clear picture of what the atomic world was like. They new the structure and particle makeup of atoms, as well as how they behaved. During the 1930s it became apparent that there was a immense amount of energy that would be released atoms of Gioielli 2certain elements were split, or taken apart. Scientists began to realize that if harnessed, this energy could be something of a magnitude not before seen to human eyes. They also saw that this energy could possibly be harnessed into a weapon of amazing power. And with the advent of World War Two, this became an ever increasing concern. In the early fall of 1939, the same time that the Germans invaded Poland, President Roosevelt received a letter from Albert Einstein, informing him about the certain possibilities of creating a controlled nuclear chain reaction, and that harnessing such a reaction could produce a bomb of formidable strength. He wrote: This new phenomena would lead also lead to the construction of bombs, and it is conceivable, though much less certain-that extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed (Clark 556-557).The letter goes on to encourage the president to increase government and military involvement in such experiments, and to encourage the experimental work of the scientists with the allocation of funds, facilities and equipment that might be necessary. This letter ultimately led to the Manhattan Project, the effort that involved billions of dollars and tens of thousands of people to produce the atomic bomb. During the time after the war, until just recently the American psyche has been branded with the threat of a nuclear holocaust. Here was something so powerful, yet so diminutive. A bomb that could obliterate our nations capital, and that was as big as somebodies backyard grill. For the first time in the history of human existence here was something capable of wiping us off the face of the Earth. And most people had no control over that destiny. It seemed like peoples lives, the life of everything on this planet, was resting in the hands of a couple men in Northern Virginia and some guys over in Russia. .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d , .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d .postImageUrl , .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d , .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d:hover , .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d:visited , .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d:active { border:0!important; } .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d:active , .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uffcbe8101d616965f2ed645c04e55c8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: the most dangerous game Essay The atomic bomb and the amazing power it held over us had a tremendous influence on American Culture, including a profound effect on American Literature. After the war, the first real piece of literature about the bombings came in 1946. The work Hiroshima, by Jon Hersey, from which the opening quote is taken, first appeared as a long article in . The Atomic Bomb and its Effects on Post The Atomic Bomb and its Effects on Post-World War Essay II American LiteratureRob GioielliMrs. McFarlanSenior English6 Dec. 1994Gioielli 1Rob GioielliMrs. McFarlanSenior English 6 Dec. 1994Then a tremendous flash of light cut across the sky . Mr. Tanimoto has a distinct recollection that it traveled from east to west, from the city toward the hills. It seemed like a sheet of sun.John Hersey, from Hiroshima, pp.8On August 6, 1945, the world changed forever. On that day the United States of America detonated an atomic bomb over the city of Hiroshima. Never before had mankind seen anything like. Here was something that was slightly bigger than an ordinary bomb, yet could cause infinitely more destruction. It could rip through walls and tear down houses like the devils wrecking ball. In Hiroshima it killed 100,000 people, most non-military civilians. Three days later in Nagasaki it killed roughly 40,000 . The immediate effects of these bombings were simple. We will write a custom essay on The Atomic Bomb and its Effects on Post-World War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Japanese government surrendered, unconditionally, to the United States. The rest of the world rejoiced as the most destructive war in the history of mankind came to an end . All while the survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki tried to piece together what was left of their lives, families and homes. Over the course of the next forty years, these two bombings, and the nuclear arms race that followed them, would come to have a direct or indirect effect on almost every man, woman and child on this Earth, including people in the United States. The atomic bomb would penetrate every fabric of American existence. From our politics to our educational system. Our industry and our art. Historians have gone so far as to call this period in our history the atomic age for the way it has shaped and guided world politics, relations and culture.The entire history behind the bomb itself is rooted in Twentieth Century physics. At the time of the bombing the science of physics had been undergoing a revolution for the past thirty-odd years. Scientists now had a clear picture of what the atomic world was like. They new the structure and particle makeup of atoms, as well as how they behaved. During the 1930s it became apparent that there was a immense amount of energy that would be released atoms of Gioielli 2certain elements were split, or taken apart. Scientists began to realize that if harnessed, this energy could be something of a magnitude not before seen to human eyes. They also saw that this energy could possibly be harnessed into a weapon of amazing power. And with the advent of World War Two, this became an ever increasing concern. In the early fall of 1939, the same time that the Germans invaded Poland, President Roosevelt received a letter from Albert Einstein, informing him about the certain possibilities of creating a controlled nuclear chain reaction, and that harnessing such a reaction could produce a bomb of formidable strength. He wrote: This new phenomena would lead also lead to the construction of bombs, and it is conceivable, though much less certain-that extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed (Clark 556-557). The letter goes on to encourage the president to increase government and military involvement in such experiments, and to encourage the experimental work of the scientists with the allocation of funds, facilities and equipment that might be necessary. This letter ultimately led to the Manhattan Project, the effort that involved billions of dollars and tens of thousands of people to produce the atomic bomb. During the time after the war, until just recently the American psyche has been branded with the threat of a nuclear holocaust. Here was something so powerful, yet so diminutive. A bomb that could obliterate our nations capital, and that was as big as somebodies backyard grill. For the first time in the history of human existence here was something capable of wiping us off the face of the Earth. .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2 , .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2 .postImageUrl , .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2 , .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2:hover , .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2:visited , .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2:active { border:0!important; } .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2:active , .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2 .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c358a4b2ffc0b14bd02ddea90c630b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Virtual Reality Essay And most people had no control over that destiny. It seemed like peoples lives, the life of everything on this planet, was resting in the hands of a couple men in Northern Virginia and some guys over in Russia. The atomic bomb and the amazing power it held over us had a tremendous influence on American Culture, including a profound effect on American Literature. After the war, the first real piece of literature about the bombings came in 1946. The work Hiroshima, by Jon Hersey, from which the opening quote is taken, first appeared as a . The Atomic Bomb and its Effects on Post The Atomic Bomb and its Effects on Post-World War Essay II Then a tremendous flash of light cut across the sky . Mr. Tanimoto has a distinct recollection that it traveled from east to west, from the city toward the hills. It seemed like a sheet of sun.John Hersey, from Hiroshima, pp. 8On August 6, 1945, the world changed forever. On that day the United States of America detonated an atomic bomb over the city of Hiroshima. Never before had mankind seen anything like. Here was something that was slightly bigger than an ordinary bomb, yet could cause infinitely more destruction. It could rip through walls and tear down houses like the devils wrecking ball. In Hiroshima it killed 100,000 people, most non-military civilians. Three days later in Nagasaki it killed roughly 40,000 . The immediate effects of these bombings were simple. The Japanese government surrendered, unconditionally, to the United States. The rest of the world rejoiced as the most destructive war in the history of mankind came to an end . All while the survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki tried to piece together what was left of their lives, families and homes. Over the course of the next forty years, these two bombings, and the nuclear arms race that followed them, would come to have a direct or indirect effect on almost every man, woman and child on this Earth, including people in the United States. We will write a custom essay on The Atomic Bomb and its Effects on Post-World War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The atomic bomb would penetrate every fabric of American existence. From our politics to our educational system. Our industry and our art. Historians have gone so far as to call this period in our history the atomic age for the way it has shaped and guided world politics, relations and culture.The entire history behind the bomb itself is rooted in Twentieth Century physics. At the time of the bombing the science of physics had been undergoing a revolution for the past thirty-odd years. Scientists now had a clear picture of what the atomic world was like. They new the structure and particle makeup of atoms, as well as how they behaved. During the 1930s it became apparent that there was a immense amount of energy that would be released atoms of Gioielli 2certain elements were split, or taken apart. Scientists began to realize that if harnessed, this energy could be something of a magnitude not before seen to human eyes. They also saw that this energy could possibly be harnessed into a weapon of amazing power. And with the advent of World War Two, this became an ever increasing concern. In the early fall of 1939, the same time that the Germans invaded Poland, President Roosevelt received a letter from Albert Einstein, informing him about the certain possibilities of creating a controlled nuclear chain reaction, and that harnessing such a reaction could produce a bomb of formidable strength. He wrote: This new phenomena would lead also lead to the construction of bombs, and it is conceivable, though much less certain-that extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed (Clark 556-557).The letter goes on to encourage the president to increase government and military involvement in such experiments, and to encourage the experimental work of the scientists with the allocation of funds, facilities and equipment that might be necessary. This letter ultimately led to the Manhattan Project, the effort that involved billions of dollars and tens of thousands of people to produce the atomic bomb. During the time after the war, until just recently the American psyche has been branded with the threat of a nuclear holocaust. Here was something so powerful, yet so diminutive. A bomb that could obliterate our nations capital, and that was as big as somebodies backyard grill. For the first time in the history of human existence here was something capable of wiping us off the face of the Earth. And most people had no control over that destiny. It seemed like peoples lives, the life of everything on this planet, was resting in the hands of a couple men in Northern Virginia and some guys over in Russia. The atomic bomb and the amazing power it held over us had a tremendous influence on American Culture, including a profound effect on American Literature. After the war, the first real piece of literature about the bombings came in 1946. .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2 , .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2 .postImageUrl , .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2 , .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2:hover , .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2:visited , .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2:active { border:0!important; } .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2:active , .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2 .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue67e3a1e62ee42dbd0fbde8d1c0308b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Creative writting exercise Essay The work Hiroshima, by Jon Hersey, from which the opening quote is taken, first appeared as a long article in the New Yorker, then shortly after in book .

Free Essays on Mounting Tempest

A Mounting Tempest The 1960’s were a period of enormous social upheaval in America. The civil rights movement came to a head, the country itself was on unstable ground because of the Cold War, and the feminist movement began in earnest with the 1963 publication of Friedman’s book, The Feminine Mystique. The traditional roles that men and women had held throughout Western civilization were being shaken. More and more women were working and becoming successful in previously male-dominated fields. The June 23rd edition of The New York Times contains an article about Susan Greenburg Wood, a photographer who was â€Å"one of the few women who (had) succeeded as a photojournalist† at the time. The article praises Mrs. Wood on her rise to the top of a male-dominated field, but is quick to point out that her job has afforded her the opportunity to meet and marry a man. And, lest the readers be confused at her marital status, the author (a woman, by the bye) hastily reassures them that â€Å"once her identity as the wife of Brendan Wood . . . is established professionally, she will drop her maiden name.† This article is a very interesting examination of the clash between the dual roles many women were trying to maintain in 1962: the modern, driven career woman and the feminine, nurturing, traditional woman. Mrs. Wood is surely proud of her accomplishments, but she doesn’t mention them much. She is quoted more about her reasons for enjoying fashion photog raphy – â€Å"What woman isn’t interested in clothes?† – than she is about her serious work. In fact, she downplays her success – â€Å"I’m not terribly job-interested or career-minded†. The article about Susan Wood seems to be apologizing for the fact that she is a successful woman. There are two additional headlines for this article: â€Å"Susan Wood is One of the Few to Succeed in a Man’s World† and â€Å"Freelance Job Leaves Time for Her to be ‘Around Hou... Free Essays on Mounting Tempest Free Essays on Mounting Tempest A Mounting Tempest The 1960’s were a period of enormous social upheaval in America. The civil rights movement came to a head, the country itself was on unstable ground because of the Cold War, and the feminist movement began in earnest with the 1963 publication of Friedman’s book, The Feminine Mystique. The traditional roles that men and women had held throughout Western civilization were being shaken. More and more women were working and becoming successful in previously male-dominated fields. The June 23rd edition of The New York Times contains an article about Susan Greenburg Wood, a photographer who was â€Å"one of the few women who (had) succeeded as a photojournalist† at the time. The article praises Mrs. Wood on her rise to the top of a male-dominated field, but is quick to point out that her job has afforded her the opportunity to meet and marry a man. And, lest the readers be confused at her marital status, the author (a woman, by the bye) hastily reassures them that â€Å"once her identity as the wife of Brendan Wood . . . is established professionally, she will drop her maiden name.† This article is a very interesting examination of the clash between the dual roles many women were trying to maintain in 1962: the modern, driven career woman and the feminine, nurturing, traditional woman. Mrs. Wood is surely proud of her accomplishments, but she doesn’t mention them much. She is quoted more about her reasons for enjoying fashion photog raphy – â€Å"What woman isn’t interested in clothes?† – than she is about her serious work. In fact, she downplays her success – â€Å"I’m not terribly job-interested or career-minded†. The article about Susan Wood seems to be apologizing for the fact that she is a successful woman. There are two additional headlines for this article: â€Å"Susan Wood is One of the Few to Succeed in a Man’s World† and â€Å"Freelance Job Leaves Time for Her to be ‘Around Hou...

Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit - Conversion Table

Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit - Conversion Table You probably dont have a thermometer that has Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit all listed, and even if you did, it wouldnt be helpful outside of its temperature range. What do you do when you need to convert between temperature units? You can look them up on this handy chart or you can do the math using simple weather conversion equations. Temperature Unit Conversion Formulas Theres no complicated math required to convert one temperature unit to another. Simple addition and subtraction will get you through conversions between the Kelvin and Celsius temperature scales. Fahrenheit involves a bit of multiplication, but its nothing you cant handle. Just plug in the value you know to get the answer in the desired temperature scale using the appropriate conversion formula: Kelvin to Celsius: C K - 273 (C K - 273.15 if you want to be more precise) Kelvin to Fahrenheit: F 9/5(K - 273) 32 or F 1.8(K - 273) 32 Celsius to Fahrenheit: F 9/5(C) 32 or F 1.80(C) 32 Celsius to Kelvin: K C 273 (or K C 271.15 to be more precise) Fahrenheit to Celsius: C (F - 32)/1.80 Fahrenheit to Kelvin: K 5/9(F - 32) 273.15 Remember to report Celsius and Fahrenheit values in degrees. There is no degree using the Kelvin scale. Temperature Conversion Table Kelvin Fahrenheit Celsius Significant Values 373 212 100 Boiling point of water at sea level 363 194 90 353 176 80 343 158 70 333 140 60 56.7C or 134.1F is the hottest temperature recorded on Earth at Death Valley, California on July 10, 1913 323 122 50 313 104 40 303 86 30 293 68 20 Typical room temperature 283 50 10 273 32 0 Freezing point of water into ice at sea level 263 14 -10 253 -4 -20 243 -22 -30 233 -40 -40 Temperature where Fahrenheit and Celsius are equal 223 -58 -50 213 -76 -60 203 -94 -70 193 -112 -80 183 -130 -90 -89C or -129F is the coldest temperature recorded on Earth at Vostok, Antarctica, July 1932 173 -148 -100 0 -459.67 -273.15 absolute zero References Ahrens (1994) Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign World: Highest Temperature, World Meteorological Organization, Arizona State University, retrieved March 25, 2016. World: Lowest Temperature, World Meteorological Organization, ASU, retrieved March 25, 2016.

Ethics reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics reflection paper - Essay Example Application or action enables one to implement ethical decisions in one’s daily personal and professional life. This A3 approach makes a leader understand the needs of the stakeholders and cater to them with heightened vision. My ethical perspective has evolved throughout the program as I have been able to know what ethical standards I follow and where I need improvement. I have been able to decide between right and wrong and decide among alternatives. I consider that person to be good who wants to do good deeds on a consistent basis. The moral standards of right and wrong are the guidelines that tell us how to take steps toward the betterment of the whole society. Ethical conduct is improved by developing a basic respect for others. Organized ethical attempts addresses the needs of the whole society whose fulfillment is better for the majority of people. My future ethical perspective tells me that I look forward to respect all people from all backgrounds without making any discrimination of color, cast and creed. I have also learnt that rational thinking is important to achieve best ethical results. Treating people at equal basis is all about giving importance to those who have not been listened to in th e past. A person should know how to give respect to others and their decisions and should have the ability to involve others in decision-making process. This is important to conduct oneself ethically. This ethical conduct defines the ways a person ought to live in the society and work toward the betterment of the whole society where all persons are treated on a fair basis. All ethical policies have the same objective to maintain the integrity of the whole society rather than focusing on one individual person. I believe that today’s adolescents need such role models that teach them how to make ethical decisions and live such a life that is respectful to

Milton's Paradise Lost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Milton's Paradise Lost - Essay Example mon values riches of the world as Milton puts it, â€Å"Mammon, the least erected Spirit that fell From Heaven; for even in Heaven his looks and thoughts Were always downward bent, admiring more The riches of heaven’s pavement, trodden gold, Than aught divine or holy else enjoyed In vision beatific.† (Milton 25). The followers of Mammon also value riches and earthly pleasures and the reason for this is that, they took after their master, Mammon, who fell from Heaven due to his greed. The love of the followers of Mammon for the things of the world affect their relationship with God due to the fact that, Mammon, is more like the opposite of the one and only true God. Thus, while the children of God lay up treasures in heaven, the followers of Mammon lay treasures for themselves on earth. the implication of this is that, the more the followers of Mammon layup treasures for themselves on earth, they keep getting farther away from the truth. Another implication of this is that, the followers of Mammon can never have a cordial relationship with God as one cannot serve God and Mammon. The values of the devil Mammon and the values of the followers of Mammon are similar in the sense that, just like their master, the followers of Mammon also have an irrationally strong desire to acquire and keep money. Thus, the values of the followers of Mammon and their master are similar in their avariciousness. It is significant that Milton chooses to make Sin a woman as it is believed that the devil used woman to bring Sin into the world. It was through the deception of the first woman, Eve by the serpent that Satan succeeded in turning the hearts of men from God. This shows the significance of Milton’s choice to make Sin a woman. Milton used the relationship between Sin, Death, and Chaos to show how sin brought many plagues to mankind. Milton tried to show that it was sin that brought chaos and confusion into the world and the result of which is ultimately death. The Bible even

Leadership and Human Behavior Essay Example for Free

Leadership and Human Behavior Essay As a leader, you need to interact with your followers, peers, seniors, and others; whose support you need in order to accomplish your goals. To gain their support, you must be able to understand and motivate them. To understand and motivate people, you must know human nature. Human nature is the common qualities of all human beings. People behave according to certain principles of human nature. Human needs are an important part of human nature. Values, beliefs, and customs differ from country to country and even within group to group, but in general, all people have a few basic needs. As a leader you must understand these needs because they can be powerful motivators. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Unlike others researchers in the earlier days of psychology, Abraham Maslows based his theory of human needs on creative people who used all their talents, potential, and capabilities (Bootzin, Loftus, Zajonc, Hall, 1983). His methodology differed from most other psychological researchers at the time in that these researchers mainly observed mentally unhealthy people. Maslow (1970) felt that human needs were arranged in a hierarchical order that could be divided into two major groups: basic needs and metaneeds (higher order needs): * Basic Needs are physiological, such as food, water, and sleep; and psychological, such as affection, security, and self-esteem. These basic needs are also called â€Å"deficiency needs† because if they are not met by an individual, then that person will strive to make up the deficiency. * Metaneeds or being needs (growth needs). These include justice, goodness, beauty, order, unity, etc. Basic needs normally take priority over these meta needs.

Essay --

â€Å"The years that are gone seem like dreams—if one might go on sleeping and dreaming—but to wake up and find—oh! well! Perhaps it is better to wake up after all, even to suffer, rather than to remain a dupe to illusions all one’s life† says Edna at her appointment with Doctor Mandelet (151). In Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Edna is constantly at odds with her own fears – her independence; however, over the course of the novel, Chopin reveals a deeper side to Edna. She does not fear being alone, she is afraid of being without herself. It is also revealed that her society is often against her self-discovering favoring a more traditional female role. In its final scene, The Awakening offers readers a more complex method to obtain freedom, death. Edna’s suicide reveals her final awakening, breaking free from all the pressures that bind her. Edna’s awakenings in Grand Isle and in New Orleans set her up for failure by forcing her to understand her lack of options. Edna’s first awakening is when she realizes that she is not happy with her life as a housewife. This awakening is realized while Edna is at a dinner party with Md. Ratignolle and her husband. When she arrived home, she â€Å"felt depressed rather than soothed† (75). She then goes on and â€Å"st[omps] upon her wedding ring† (76). This symbolizes Edna’s desire to escape from marriage altogether, but her inability to crush the ring shows her powerlessness to break free from her imprisonment. Edna breaks through the role given to her by society; she learns her own identity independent of her husband and children. Edna later realizes that she cannot be the same as Mademoiselle Reisz. Edna does not possess the carefree attitude of Reisz and stills struggles with social appro... ... and escape. With her death she is surrendering herself to freedom. Her death by sea is a symbol of her allowing herself to overcome her ambiguity about her personhood. In conclusion, The Awakening ended in the only way it could have, with Edna’s death. Edna’s lack of options and her fear of solitude lead to her death. However, Chopin turned her death into something much more meaningful than just a way to end the novel. Edna’s final awakening is realizing that she cannot do the things that wanted to do. With this she chooses death before overcoming her problems. Kate Chopin juxtaposes this fear of living alone with her fear of dying in a way that makes Edna seem triumphant. She revealed her suicide not as a defeat but as a triumph over social pressure and fears. Chopin used Edna’s death symbolizes her final awakening and her ability to overcome her obstacles.

Instant Noodles

Instant noodles are very popular and frequently consumed by most people today. However, most buyers are clueless as to the damages these products inflict on their bodies. By investigating the most famous brands of instant noodles here in China, we will be able to accurately find out the â€Å"most healthy† brand of instant noodles based on its oil content. By doing so, we will be able to prevent the numerous health problems that have occured from these products from arising again. Furthermore, the limited brands of noodles also hinder us from having a wider analysis on the topic. Related Literature From the time Momofuku Ando developed the first instant noodles, they have dominated the noodle industry, and its effects can still be seen today. Their main customers are the college students and other people who are always on the go, people who do not have time to cook breakfast, or people who are lazy to. Furthermore, according to english. ndtv. com there have been high amounts o f plasticizers in instant noodles in China.The process of making the noodles is what affects the water absorbency of the noodles. In fact according to Beijing time progress technology development co. LTD. , instant noodles are made out of a variety of doughs, which are formed to make noodles, cooked, then deep-fried in oil. They are then put through air knives, which does not however, remove all the oil. This is why instant noodles contain such high amounts of oil, which causes kidney stones, and prevents it from absorbing water.Oil is not the only unhealthy material in instant noodles. In fact according to Dr. Edmond Lee, instant noodles also contain high amounts of carbohydrates, sodium, MSG, and saturated fat. This is why we test the noodles for its water absorbency, because it is one of the factors that will show whether or not an instant noodle product is high in terms of oil-content. This is because oil and water do not mix when something is covered in oil water will not be ab le to pass through thus less water absorbency.We plan to test the water absorbency by drenching the noodles in water and measuring the amount of unabsorbed water left. By doing this we can help people choose the instant noodles with the least oil content, thus helping them prevent other sicknesses caused by the instant noodles, and helping them get as much nutrients as they can obtain. Furthermore, the community will be more informed as to the best brand of instant noodles with the assistance of this study.

Balance sheet Essay

According to the depreciation rates used by the company and described in the Production Cost Report, if a company adds 50 new workstations at a cost of $250,000 each and also spends $5 million for an addition to its assembly plant to accommodate the new workstations. According to the cost allocation methods used in the company’s accounting system and described in the Help section for the Operations Report for any of the four geographic regions, if a company spends $5 million to advertise its camera lines in North America, assembles and ships 300,000 entry-level cameras and 200,000 multi-featured cameras to its North American dealers, derives revenues of $80 million from its sales of entry-level cameras and $120 million from the sales of its multi-featured cameras in North America, then 50% of the $5 million in advertising expenditures will be allocated to the costs of advertising for entry-level cameras and 50% will be allocated to the costs of multi-featured cameras. 70% of the $5 million in advertising expenditures will be allocated to the costs of advertising for entry-level cameras and 30% will be allocated to the costs of multi-featured cameras. the per camera advertising costs for both entry-level and multi-featured cameras will be $10.00. 40% of the $5 million in advertising expenditures will be allocated to the costs of advertising for entry-level cameras and 60% will be allocated to the costs of multi-featured cameras. the per camera advertising costs for entry-level cameras will be 50% larger than the per camera advertising costs for multi-featured cameras.

Yezierska Anzia, Bread Givers, and Immigrants essays

Yezierska Anzia, Bread Givers, and Immigrants essays Over the years, many people have been under the impression that the "America" of the twentieth century was a haven for "the tired" of the world. Indeed, many have accepted the historical propaganda surrounding the myth of Ellis Island, the old "cosmopolitan" New York, and the "simpler days" of life for those fresh off the boat. Unfortunately the actual lives of those "fortunate" enough to cross the ocean in hopes of making new lives on American shores was quite differentespecially for European immigrants as a whole, and Jewish immigrants in specifica fact that the writer Anzia Yezierska demonstrates There is quite a bit of controversy surrounding the writing of twentieth century Anzia Yezierska. Although today, many consider Yezierska to be one of the greatest immigrant-genre writers of the twentieth century, many in previous years considered most of the merit of her work to be of historical, rather than literary value. Indeed, many critics have flatly stated that her writing was "not very good," (Ebest) a statement that, even her supporters echo, "Yezierska's partisans have responded by seeing her stories as fictionalized memoirs and by extolling her ability to document the immigrant woman's experience." (Ebest) Of course, the danger in using Yezierska's texts as "historical material" is significantafter all, her daughter characterized her mother as being "incapable of telling the plain truth." (Henricksen, 255). Therefore, it is absolutely essential to keep in mind the "fiction" of the storyline, while absorbing the historical and social "essence" of the immigrant experience as communicated in Yezierska's writing. Mary Dearborn wrote of Yezierska in her work, Anzia Yezierska and the Making of an Ethnic American Self, "As a writer, Yezierska believed "her mission was to mediate between her culture and...

Unexpected Places To Find Jobs

Unexpected Places To Find Jobs You’re on the job search, so you’ve been hitting up your network and going through online job postings. But you won’t have exhausted all your options unless you’ve tried following these 7 bonus leads. Check out the following 7 unexpected places to find your jobs. 1. Your former bossProvided you parted amicably and you did good work for them, it’s actually a smart move to track down all your old bosses to see what they have to say. (If you burned a bridge, it might even be worth trying to patch it back up now that you’ve both cooled off and you’ve matured?) Maybe they won’t have a job for you, but they might very well have a lead. And they might even be willing to put in a good word.2. Former co-workersIf you haven’t already added all your former coworkers to your network, now’s a good opportunity to fix that. Connect with anyone you worked with directly, plus anyone in other departments or divisions with whom you m ight have had contact. If you don’t know where to find them, try LinkedIn. They might be able to help you out- and you could help them in the future too.3. Companies that didn’t hire youWait, what? No really. If you had a really positive interview process somewhere and didn’t ultimately end up getting the job, but were told to keep in touch- or even just that it was a really tough call and you shouldn’t be discouraged by not getting the job- get in touch now! They’ll appreciate the initiative. And even if they don’t have any openings, they might be willing to point you in the right direction.4. YouTubeThis is less to find a lead and more to get yourself out there so the leads will come to you! Make a video version of your resume and post it to YouTube- or demonstrate a particularly expert skill of yours. Make sure it’s of the highest quality and super professional before putting it online.5. NewspapersIt’s a little bit old-fash ioned, but some companies do put listings in the paper and few job seekers still look for them there. It’s always worth a shot. And while you’re at it, make sure to keep up on all the latest news and business trends relevant to your field. When you do find a lead, you’ll be in a much better position to land the job if you’re up to snuff on what’s going on in your industry and in the world.6. Alumni networksNo matter where you went to school, if you have an alumni organization you haven’t been taking advantage of, now’s the time to change that. Go to alumni group meetings in your city. You never know who you’ll meet. And, bonus! You already have something in common as a conversation starter.7. A career coachYou’ll have to pay for this, but the benefits could far outweigh the cost. Get an expert in your field to help evaluate your eligibility and performance and help steer you through the job search process in your field.7 Unexpected Sources For Job Leads

Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

Critical Thinking - Essay Example The article â€Å"Yes: It Provides Protection for Children,† written by Steve Francis and Gayle Francis, assert that teenagers cannot make this abortion decision on their own, and so they need their parents or adults to help them get through this crisis. Steve Francis and Gayle Francis argue that Proposition 4 will be good for concerned teenagers, parents, and society in general. It will be good for teenagers, because they can access the emotional and social support that their parents or adult family members can give them. Francis and Francis assert that during these sensitive times, girls need their parents to help them cope with physical and psychological trauma of abortion. Furthermore, they emphasize that this proposition will protect girls from male predators, who will force them to do an abortion. Parents will also benefit from this proposition, because they can ensure that their children receive quality health care, including post-operation health care services. Francis and Francis argue, too, that states with parental involvement laws have lower percentages of teen pregnancies, abortions and sexually transmitted infections than states without these laws. Finally, they underline that this proposition is good for society, beca use it is aligned to existing laws that protect the youth from sexual predators and it can ensure that the youth will not have to make this hard decision on their own. The strength of this article is that it wants to ensure that teenagers get enough social support when making life-changing decisions. It suggests sincere belief in the paternal role of the state in protecting the welfare of the youth. Their article, however, possesses several fallacies, specifically overgeneralization, statement of opinion as facts, and weak inductive argument. Francis and Francis give an example of a 13-year-old girl from the San Francisco Bay Area. A 39-year-old man got her pregnant and brought her to a clinic for an abortion. A few days after, the

Position arguments on immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Position arguments on immigration - Essay Example Given the socio-cultural implications of this phenomenon, a critical assessment of the positive consequences of the immigration phenomenon must be done in relation to the host country and home country of the immigrants must be carefully done. As such, this paper aims to focus on the advantages of immigration by: firstly, elucidating the nature of immigration from a socio-cultural standpoint, and secondly, going through the specific advantages of immigration. From a more general perspective, immigration can help improve the economic status of the original country through the money being sent by migrants to their families. In this regard, disparity in wealth between developed and developing countries could be resolved. In addition to this, immigration can also enrich the host country’s cultural orientations through the influx of new ideologies and perspectives, thus, strengthening its social capital. The arrival of people with different socio-cultural backgrounds can indeed help people from the host country to analyze certain societal issues in a much wider perspective. This paper, therefore, wishes to zero in on these aforementioned benefits in order to bolster its thesis that promoting immigration is tantamount to recognizing the need to develop a more unified and open-minded global community. As highlighted in an online article entitled Immigration, one of the biggest benefits of immigration is tied with wealth distribution (Shah 1). For one, with the migrants’ perspective of getting any job that could allow them to earn a living, human capital of the host country is said to be reinforced. In fact, the migrants’ willingness to take on whatever job is available helps the host country fill up the areas that badly need workforce. In this regard, undermanned job functions are usually filled in by these migrants, thereby increasing the productivity of the industries involved. From a managerial

An essay about one of the subject listed, please read

An about one of the subject listed, please read - Essay Example The growing clamor for U. S. intervention cites the massacre of unarmed civilians, including women and children. The Assad regime is sinking to new levels of authoritarian brutality, with its use of helicopter gunships and arbitrary arrests. But it is to be kept in mind that when aerial bombing is ruled out, because of the risk of high civilian casualties, what remains is the prospect of American boots on the ground. With the unresolved quagmire of Iraq and Afghanistan looming in the background, the call for U.S. action is premature to say the least. Using a practical frame of reference, we must admit that, unlike Libya, Syria is not rich in natural resources. The only justification for America to send its troops into the midst of an escalating civil war is the humanitarian obligation. From the World Wars to the Balkans, Americans have done their share in sacrificing their lives for the cause of world democracy and justice. America consistently shoulders the major burden of all NATO commitments. It is time that other countries accept responsibility in ensuring peace. President Obama is correct in his stand to let the U.N. explore various other options in

Causes and triggers of domestic violence

Causes and triggers of domestic violence Domestic abuse also referred to as asspousal abuse happens where in a marriage or an intimate relationship one partner tries to take control and dominate over the other. Where physical violence is involved, such domestic abuse is called domestic violence. An abuser uses intimidation, shame, fear and guilt to wear the other down so that the abused can be kept under the thumb. Abusers may threaten, hurt you and even those around you. There is no discrimination in domestic violence and thus it may happen among same-sex partners and heterosexual couples. Moreover, domestic violence may happen irrespective of our ethnic backgrounds, age and economic backgrounds. Women appear to be the common victims but in modern day society, men are also falling victims especially emotionally and verbally. Different approaches have been used by theorists to show that there are specific characteristics associated with individuals who abuse their partners. These approaches have shown that such abusive characters have inability to cope with stress, possess low self-esteem, they have desire to have control and power over others, once had social support isolation, are dependent on their victims, feelings of jealousy and they may also have some psychological and mental disorders. This indicates that there are different risk factors of domestic violence from economic to biological ones. Thesis: irrespective of what causes a particular domestic violence incident be it economical or biological, domestic violence is a social problem that affects our quality of life. This is an abusive behavior which is never acceptable and it doesnt matter whether it comes from a woman or a man, an adult or a teenager. Every one of us deserves to be safe, respected and above all valued. Ideas (risk factors) Idea #1: There appears to be a statistical correlation between domestic violence and substance abuse. Several studies on domestic violence indicate that there are high rates of substance abuse by perpetrators. Regular use of alcohol is documented as one of the leading risk factors in intimate partner abuse. There is evidence that drug and alcohol addiction and domestic violence are things that usually occur together. This indicates that most families where there is a parent who abuses alcohol or any other drugs have high rates of domestic violence. There are several statistical evidences that show substance abuse increases the risk of domestic violence in homes. For example, around 87% of program directors in the field of domestic violence assert that intimate partner violence increases in a family where both partners are drugs or alcohol addicts. The U.S. Departments of Justice in its records show that around 61% of domestic violence offenders are addicts of alcohol or any other types of drugs. Moreover, a study conducted by the same Department in 2002 on murders in U.S. families indicated that more than half of those accused of murder of their intimate partners had abused alcohol and other drugs at the time of the murder. This is enough statistical evidence linking alcohol abuse and other drugs to domestic violence (Schechter, 2000). People who abuse alcohol and especially men argue that they normally engage in domestic violence because at that time they were under the influence of alcohol. In some other instances, those batterers living with women who abuse alcohol or drugs justify their domestic violence as one of the best ways in which they can control their spouses the moment they come home drunk. In such instances, risks associated are high because the woman who is being battered may not have control to seek help since she is not sober. Studies on domestic violence in U.S. population shows that in cases where the man is the batterer and frequently abuses drugs and alcohol, such men have the tendency to rid themselves of the violence responsibility by stating that they did so since they were under the influence of alcohol (Kenneth and Elizabeth, 2000). Substance abuse not only affects the intimate partner in the household but also the children. Children brought up in such a family experience more sexual, emotional and physical abuse than those in non-substance abusing families. Surveys conducted by National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse shows that around 80% of cases of child abuse are associated with parents who abuse drugs and alcohol. This problem may be translated into the later life stages of such children and thus reports indicate that there is high probability that they also abuse alcohol and other drugs and also result in the same domestic violence (Jeffrey and Abigail, 2007). Idea #2: a major piece to battering of wives is rooted in most cultures especially in the African traditional society. Most men who batter their wives have rigid rules and views on their gender roles. Most batterers have sexist attitudes towards their intimate partners and this has been a consistent cultural issue causing domestic violence. Majority of our societies have trained men in a way that they see women in objectified and disrespectful ways. This makes most men to see their intimate partners as their possession. It was not long ago when in most cultures, women were always considered as properties of men. This is an attitude that actually still lives in the culture of United States. Today, only several years have passed since most states in the U.S. changed their laws regarding rape that occurs among married couples. There before, the laws in most states stated that a man could not be convicted in jail because of raping his wife. This is an implication that this woman was the property of her husband. Thus men in such cultures could do anything with the wife and the only thing that was required of her was just to cooperate. Even if such laws have been changed today, there are still churches where ceremonies are performed for the wife to rake oath that she is going to honor, love and obey her husband. In most cultures, when a woman gets married, she has to take the name of her husband. The main idea here is that it becomes simpler than to add middle names or even to hyphenate names. This follows from the fact that in marriage and in all societies, a woman has to leave her fathers house and join the husband in his house. There is no time women belonged to themselves but they only belonged to their husband or father. This is what represented the womans last name. We can liken this to African slaves who would always take the name of their master or the slave holder. Even in matters of political choices, women started voting the other day and they were taken as individuals who could not take any stand on political matters. The underlying theme is that the general attitudes men have towards women affect peoples willingness to hurt them physically. Emerging African literature on different causal theories shows there is power of norms and tradition in African cultures that explain the widespread domestic violence incidence. There are so many African societies which see that as a direct connection and as a result they argue that wife battering is normal in African traditions. According to Randall (2003), this is a proposition that is supported by several authors who have conducted several interviews. One such good example is the interview from the Social Welfare Office of Ibadan, Nigeria. This is a region where even police officers remind women who come to report that they have been battered by their husband that Yoruba culture allows its men to beat their women. There are however other indirect cultural explanations of some concepts such as polygamy impact, male promiscuity acceptance, uneven power distribution in traditional African marriages, power of extended families on a married couple and the bride price institution as und erlying causes for wives abuse. Payment of bride price to the wifes parents after marriage makes it even more difficult to leave their battering husbands unless the amount paid is willingly returned by the families of origin. According to Randall (2003), domestic violence studies conducted in Zimbabwe involving interviews on twenty-five male abusers and seventy-five female victims of domestic violence in Shona-speaking community showed that cultural factors are a major cause for domestic violence. In this study, it was reported that most domestic quarrels emerged out of jealousy and money. A good example is in the Shona community where quarrels between a husband and his wife emerge because the wife has asked for money. This is taken as a challenge on the traditional absolute male control of the household on family finances. There is also a similar dynamic in domestic violence which is initiated by jealousy. Even if male promiscuity in Africa is traditionally accepted, the sexuality of the females is zealously controlled by the family or the husband. Not only in African traditional societies but also in other earlier civilized ones in Americas, Asia and Europe where a wife may be seen as challenging the hu sbands prerogatives and authority the moment she demands explanations on his extramarital involvements. In most cases violence erupts if the wife asks her husband where he has been and with whom or in other cases showing threat for addition of other wives. Addition of multiple wives is today seen as a big threat to economic survival for the first wife, the children and a source for HIV/AIDs scourge and thus wives may be tempted to question their husbands. But this questioning is seen as a challenge to the traditional mans rights and a threat to the culturally prescribed position and this automatically provokes violence. Idea #3: absolute poverty is considered one of the fundamental basis of domestic violence against women in most households (Inter-American Development Bank, Biehl and Morrison, 1999). Relative violence may also play a role though complementary in generating domestic violence since such families have difficulties in attaining standards of consumption apart from food and this may be a potential source of violence. Studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between domestic violence and poverty. One of the common opinions is based on the fact that poverty comes with frustrations which normally may tend to unleash violent behavior. There are numerous aggravating problems for this and they include high consumption of alcohol, low schooling levels, poor living conditions, few entertainment opportunities, poor jobs and failure to improve conditions of living, large family burden and lack of adequate basic services in life (Rachel, 2000). These are potential circumstances that might predispose marginalized and poor family members to result to domestic violence. The major domestic violence in such cases occurs between the husband (provider) and his wife who takes over the management of the household. On the mans side, source of conflict is the deficit to materially provide for the household while on the side of the woman; the source may be her inability to manage the little they have whi ch is always never enough. In such a standpoint, domestic violence has come as a result of poverty in the household. According to Schechter (2000), there were so many studies on domestic violence among low-income that were conducted in the 1990s when most families lost guarantee on income supports. The results were pervasive. After low-income people in Chicago were examined, the studies found that 25% of low-income non-recipients and 33% of welfare recipients experienced severe aggression in their adulthood via their partners. There were also results that 8% of non-recipients and 19% of recipients experienced serious aggression within the previous twelve months. The same studies found that in Worcester, Massachusetts low-income and homeless mothers reported 32% positive cases of physical violence within the previous two years. Moreover, a study by the National Family Violence Survey showed that domestic violence on women who have annual income less than $10,000 were 3.5 times likely if compared to those who had more than $40,000 annual salary. Counterargument There must be a misconception that domestic violence is caused by substance abuse, cultural factors or even poverty. The fact is that equal numbers of drunken and sober men are equally violent. Where studies have been conducted on this they have not been able to explain in detail why almost 80% of heavy and binge drinkers never abuse their partners be it the wife or the husband. Alcohol or any other stimulant substances are used by men so that they can use them as the excuses or the permissions for them to act violently. Many stop taking alcohol and they still continue being violent. Also not every child who grows up in a violent home will grow up to become a violent adult in his/her home. Domestic violence is a choice. Sometimes people react violently because they have been provoked by others and this may act just as the normal self-defense. Refutation By the time one gets provoked, its because he/she has in one way or the other tried to exert control over his/her partner. It is a fact that irrespective of whether the domestic violence resulted after one was provoked either due to poverty frustrations and pressures, cultural beliefs or substance abuse it has adverse effects on our victims. Children brought up in such backgrounds may develop low self-esteem and long term effects that may haunt them later in their lives. It is possible to find such children having dismal academic performances. Others have been sexually, emotionally and physically assaulted and all of us need respect, love and to be valued. Conclusion Domestic violence is live in our modern society. Women appear to be the most affected since gender inequality ahs always been there. Until the 70s women who were battered had no places to report or to seek support ands especially those who were sexually assaulted. There were few shelters for victims of domestic violence like hospitals, civil and criminal courts, law enforcement and other social service agencies. But today, there seems to be numerous community-based violence programs that provide array of quality services. These include safety planning, transportation, crisis counseling and intervention, legal advocacy, childrens services and housing and relocation services among others. In order to minimize domestic violence cases there are many programs engaging in continuous advocacy efforts and this may include collaboration with community service workers, development of public awareness campaigns and being active for political lobbying efforts that improve safety for children and victims. With such efforts, we may help to minimize adverse effects on victims.

The Choosing Of A Landfill Site Essay -- essays research papers

The Choosing of a Landfill Site There is currently much debate on the desirability of landfilling particular wastes, the practicability of alternatives such as waste minimisation or pre- treatment, the extent of waste pre-treatment required, and of the most appropriate landfilling strategies for the final residues. This debate is likely to stimulate significant developments in landfilling methods during the next decade. Current and proposed landfill techniques are described in this information sheet. Types of landfill Landfill techniques are dependent upon both the type of waste and the landfill management strategy. A commonly used classification of landfills, according to waste type only, is described below, together with a classification according to landfill strategy. The EU Draft Landfill Directive recognises three main types of landfill: Hazardous waste landfill Municipal waste landfill Inert waste landfill Similar categories are used in many other parts of the world. In practice, these categories are not clear-cut. The Draft Directive recognises variants, such as mono-disposal - where only a single waste type (which may or may not be hazardous) is deposited - and joint-disposal - where municipal and hazardous wastes may be co-deposited in order to gain benefit from municipal waste decomposition processes. The landfilling of hazardous wastes is a contentious issue and one on which there is not international consensus. Further complications arise from the difficulty of classifying wastes accurately, particularly the distinction between 'hazardous'/'non-hazardous' and of ensuring that 'inert' wastes are genuinely inert. In practice, many wastes described as 'inert' undergo degradation reactions similar to those of municipal solid waste (MSW), albeit at lower rates, with consequent environmental risks from gas and leachate. Alternatively, landfills can be categorised according to their management strategy. Four distinct strategies have evolved for the management of landfills (Hjelmar et al, 1995), their selection being dependent upon attitudes, economic factors, and geographical location, as well as the nature of the wastes. They are Total containment; Containment and collection of leachate; Controlled contaminant release and Unrestricted contaminant release. A) Total containment All movement of water into or out of the landfill is prevented. Th... ...eatment, and the most appropriate methods, are site-specific. The timescale required for active leachate management is dependent on the rate at which pollutants are flushed from the landfill. With conventional low- permeability top covers and containment strategies, it is likely that the timescale will be several centuries, for wastes with a high pollution potential, such as MSW. There is currently a great deal of interest in shortening this period by high- rate recirculation and partial treatment. As yet, these accelerated flushing techniques have not been proven at full-scale. Until they are, or until waste minimisation and pre-treatment reduce the pollution potential of the wastes that are landfilled, the long time-scales for pollution control arising from current landfill techniques will remain. References: 1.Hjelmar O, Johannessen LM, Knox K & Ehrig HJ, Composition and management of leachate from landfills the EU. To be presented at 5th International Landfill Symposium, Sardinia, October 1995 [return to text] within 2.Dept of the Environment, A review of water balance methods and their application to landfill in the UK, UK Dept of the Environment Report No. CWM 031/91.

Greatest Chinese Inventions

The Greatest Chinese Inventions Gene R. Kelsey Strayer University The ancient Chinese culture produced major inventions that some of which still are relevant and useful to our modern culture all over world even today. When an Italian merchant named Marco Polo traveled to China in during the Song Dynasty in 1271 he discovered a place so technologically advanced far greater than any Western European nation of its time. The following is a listing of 9 important inventions instrumental to our growth as modern Human Beings.It would be a technical pilgrimage for me to win this contest. I would love to visit China. (1) The Process of Paper making. Although first used as wrapping and padding for over 100 years before it became a medium for writing upon around AD 105. Paper along with printing changed the way the world documented everything from history to science and many years later paper currency. Even though our modern culture is moving away from paper it will always be used in one form o r another. There is no such thing as electronic toilet paper. 2) The invention of the printing press with moveable text symbols by Bi Sheng. It was this invention that was eventually taken over to the West and used by Gutenberg for the printing of the Bible. Needless to say, this had a profound effect on the nature of knowledge and the development of literature, (The Franklin Institute). (3) Gun Powder and Fireworks. The use of gunpowder in weapons gave those with access to the technology a greater ability to protect themselves from enemies or to conquer and control others. It greatly affected the balance of power in many parts of the world.Whether we agree or not the invention of Gun Powder and the weapons that followed were huge game changers for Humanity. (4) The Compass which was really pre-dated by the discovery of magnetism by the Chinese which was first noted in a book from the Song Dynasty. However, the first suspended magnetic needle compass was written of by Shen Kuo in hi s book of AD 1088. The wet Compass was the most used. Eventually the Dry Compass took shape but was not as well accepted by the Chinese. (The Science Forum 2007) (5) The Great Wall of China. One of the wonders of the world its construction began in 221 BC in an effort to keep Mongol invaders out. The Sui Emperor Yang Di began the reconstruction and repairs of the wall around the 600’s AD. Hundreds of thousands of laborers were used to do the work. As some perished they were buried where they fell and remain in the wall. It is the biggest man made structure on earth and is said to be the only one visible from space. However, upon going to the NASA web site (www. nasa. gov/vision/space/workinginspace/great_wall. html) you will find some contradiction to that story.Only from low level orbit can it be made out to the unaided eye. (6) Cast Iron. In the 4th century BCE due to the prior discovery of refractory clays to allow for construction of a blast furnace that could handle the heat required to melt down iron the Chinese were able to pour and mold cast iron. That along with the use of phosphorus to reduce the heat required using coal as the fuel. With the development of annealing ploughshares, longer swords, and buildings were also using iron in their construction. (Asiasociety. Org). (7) Row Crop Planting 6th Century BC. 200 years before the western world adapted this practice the Chinese were growing stronger crops much faster than previously done by planting in rows. This process allows for greater access to the plant for watering, weeding, and harvesting along with greater protection for the plant from the elements. This practice is still used today as it still remains the perfect way to grow and harvest. (8) Deep Drilling. Around the 1st Century BC the technology to drill deep bore holes using equipment that would be recognizable today.They used Derricks that towered has high as 180 feet and could reach depths of 4800 feet. They captured natural gas i n bamboo tubes to use as fuel for evaporating water by boiling brine to produce salt. There is also evidence that they may have burned it in lanterns for light. It wasn’t until the 1800’s before western nations adapted the use of deep drilling. (9) Porcelain. To this day Chinese porcelain is prized by all cultures. The process of using materials such as glass and mineral compounds in a kiln at high heat. Invented during the Sui Dynasty and perfected in the Tang Dynasty most notably by Tao-yue (c. 08 – c. 678). By the time the Sung Dynasty it reached its peak around the 10th century. It wasn’t until over 500 years later the monopoly was broken by a German Physicist Tschirnhausen who invented European porcelain. Generally speaking most scholars believe the 1st four I have in order are the most important contributions to humanity. Although the greatest written works of man may have eventually reached the pages of a book using other materials other than paper . And printing hadn’t been created when it was following paper by the Chinese.Take the time to consider the Chinese were hundreds of years or more ahead of the west so think how many works would have been lost if man continued to carve in wood and write on cloth. And of course Gun Powder which led to fireworks and firearms. And lastly the compass so one can find their way home at the end of the fireworks show. I think the greatest invention from the Chinese is their diverse culture. China is one of the four ancient civilizations (alongside Babylon, India, and Egypt) with 3600 years of written history. Out of the nine I have chosen Cast Iron which eventually became steel as something I couldn’t live without as I do.The Chinese invented the process but it wasn’t perfected until a British inventor names Henry Bessemer mass produced it in his facility in Sheffield, England in 1856. Steel is still produced using the process of blowing air through molten pig iron to o xidize the material to separate the impurities. Why would I choose cast iron and steel? All my life I have worked with iron and steel. I build cars and restore them by welding in new metal where old has rusted away. I build iron gates and art work with iron and steel. I have my work adorning many friends and family’s homes.The art of blacksmithing holds great interest for me. What other material on earth is so strong yet can be heated and molded into any shape. While doing research for this paper I ran into some of the writings of Shen Kuo. We have been studying the Renaissance of Italy. Shen Kuo was the Leonardo da Vinci of China. He was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedias, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister and it goes on.In the Song Dynasty he was the head of the bureau of astronomy in the Song court. One of the greatest Western sinologists of this century, Joseph Needham wrote â€Å"The Science and Civilization in China†. This Book is now one of the main references about Shen Kuo’s work in a western language. What this tells me is that genius is not limited to the west or east. The Renaissance was not limited to the west. Great minds are of the nature of the human race. They don’t come around that often. But every century has had a few of them since the eginning of man. And China has had their fair share dating back to the origin of what is China! References Secrets of Lost Empires (The Science Forum 2007) Bodde, Derk (1991). Chinese Thought, Society, and Science. On Shen Kuo. The Needham Research Institute (NRI), home of the Science and Civilization in China project. (www. nasa. gov/vision/space/workinginspace/great_wall. html) (The Franklin Institute, 2012). The Humanities: Culture, Continuity, & Change: Volume 1 Second edition.