Mardi Gras

Mardi Gras The feast before the fast | | â€Å"Mardi Gras† means â€Å"Fat Tuesday. † Traditionally, it is the last day for Catholics to indulge—and often overindulge—before Ash Wednesday starts the sober weeks of fasting that come with Lent. Formally known as Shrove Tuesday, Mardi gras has long been a time of extravagant fun for European Christians. In the United States, Mardi gras draws millions of fun-seekers to New Orleans every year.Mardi gras has been celebrated in New Orleans on a grand scale, with masked balls and colourful parades, since French settlers arrived in the early 1700s. Hidden behind masks, people behaved so raucously that for decades in the early 19th century masks were deemed illegal in that party-loving city. Masks, Music, and Mayhem French royals, feather-covered showgirls, Energizer bunnies, painted clowns, masked lions—you can find them all (and countless others) in the streets of New Orleans at Mardi gras.By dawn on that m ost famous Tuesday, people have claimed the best spots on the streets to watch fabulous floats, outrageous performers, and visiting celebrities go by. Many travel hundreds of miles to be a part of the excitement. Marching bands, some of them founded more than a century ago, also take to the streets with music and festive dress. They open the day by spreading jazz music through the city before the more than 350 floats and 15,000 costumed paraders take over the scene.Crazy costumes and wild make-up are the order of the day for paraders and parade-watchers alike. King’s Cake In some countries, King’s Cake — which is a wreath shaped purple, green, and gold cake — is eaten for six weeks. The traditional Mardi gras food usually has a baby Jesus baked into it, and whoever eats the piece with the figurine is believed to have good luck for the rest of the year. Parade FloatsThe tradition of floats handing stuff out to Parade onlookers started in Renaissance Europe . Back then, parade participants received ale, meat, and even grain. Now it’s different, lol, which people throwing beads. Beaded Necklaces The tradition of throwing beaded necklaces started in the early 1900s, when a float had a Santa Claus throwing glass beaded necklaces into the crowd. It was such a hit, that it soon became a tradition, and that is exactly what Mardi Gras is known for today. Mardi Gras Mardi Gras The feast before the fast | | â€Å"Mardi Gras† means â€Å"Fat Tuesday. † Traditionally, it is the last day for Catholics to indulge—and often overindulge—before Ash Wednesday starts the sober weeks of fasting that come with Lent. Formally known as Shrove Tuesday, Mardi gras has long been a time of extravagant fun for European Christians. In the United States, Mardi gras draws millions of fun-seekers to New Orleans every year.Mardi gras has been celebrated in New Orleans on a grand scale, with masked balls and colourful parades, since French settlers arrived in the early 1700s. Hidden behind masks, people behaved so raucously that for decades in the early 19th century masks were deemed illegal in that party-loving city. Masks, Music, and Mayhem French royals, feather-covered showgirls, Energizer bunnies, painted clowns, masked lions—you can find them all (and countless others) in the streets of New Orleans at Mardi gras.By dawn on that m ost famous Tuesday, people have claimed the best spots on the streets to watch fabulous floats, outrageous performers, and visiting celebrities go by. Many travel hundreds of miles to be a part of the excitement. Marching bands, some of them founded more than a century ago, also take to the streets with music and festive dress. They open the day by spreading jazz music through the city before the more than 350 floats and 15,000 costumed paraders take over the scene.Crazy costumes and wild make-up are the order of the day for paraders and parade-watchers alike. King’s Cake In some countries, King’s Cake — which is a wreath shaped purple, green, and gold cake — is eaten for six weeks. The traditional Mardi gras food usually has a baby Jesus baked into it, and whoever eats the piece with the figurine is believed to have good luck for the rest of the year. Parade FloatsThe tradition of floats handing stuff out to Parade onlookers started in Renaissance Europe . Back then, parade participants received ale, meat, and even grain. Now it’s different, lol, which people throwing beads. Beaded Necklaces The tradition of throwing beaded necklaces started in the early 1900s, when a float had a Santa Claus throwing glass beaded necklaces into the crowd. It was such a hit, that it soon became a tradition, and that is exactly what Mardi Gras is known for today.

Business context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business context - Essay Example The main philosophy of R&D is that the money invested today will fetch higher profits for the company in near future. It is a complex process with a structured framework. The steps of the process consist of â€Å"synthesis and extraction of new helpful molecules, biological screening & pharmacological testing and pharmaceutical dosage formulation with stability testing.† (Pharmaceutical R&D: Costs, Risks, and Rewards, 1993) This process of developing, testing and offering the drug to the market is time consuming and expensive. Due to these factors R&D cost is gradually increasing which is directly affecting the increment of new drug prices. This will be evident if we carefully notice the new drug prices, which are growing more rapidly than the inflation rate, whereas the prices of old drug show decrement. Global pharmaceutical market scenario is extremely complex; here the large public sector investments is in basic biomedical R&D that influences the private sector to intensiv ely fund on new research and development programs. Here the demand for the drugs are also indirectly generated i.e. the doctors and the health insurances act here as mediators to initiate demand for the drugs by prescribing them. Recently apart from the growth in the R&D cost a new crisis also gained prominence in the pharmaceutical world and that is the patentability of drugs and health related innovations. The pharmaceutical companies pour in billions of dollars on the R&D of new products and without the Intellectual Property (IP) protection law the formulations of the drugs are simply being duplicated. These duplicate formulations are synthesized at much low cost and the company, which initially developed the formulation, loses huge amount of revenue. Due to this reason the pharmaceutical companies utilizes the IP Law to monopolize the production and marketing of these innovative drugs. Here this report will make an attempt to focus on the recent scenario of pharmaceutical sector regarding the causes of growing cost in R&D segment and the importance of the intellectual patent tenure alterations for maintaining monopoly of the pharmaceutical companies. (OTA, 1993; Wei, n.d., p.1)     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Industry Overview on high R&D costs and Patent rights As mentioned earlier, the pharmaceutical companies annually endow billions of dollars in R&D. Recent studies reflect there is a staggering growth of expenses in R&D costs of the global pharmaceutical industry. Though R&D costs are tremendously increasing day-by-day, the pharmaceutical companies think of it as a necessary evil. It is because R&D cost enables the company to synthesize new formulations and helps to open new avenues of opportunity to generate greater profits. R&D costs vary widely between different drugs as this cost depends upon the type of formulation b eing developed. The factors influencing the R&D cost are the probability of success, the molecule base of the new drug or modification of an existing generic drug. Development of innovative drugs cost the most, a rough estimation reveals it generally amounts to more than $800 million (CBO, 2006. p.2); it also includes the cost of failed attempts. This estimate

Roles And Functions Of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Roles And Functions Of Law - Essay Example Businesses, for instance, benefit from contractual laws that govern the running and succession of the business. If the business owner wants to sell the business, the processes are very clear and simple to adhere. Compensation laws also aid in making the businessmen lives more conducive. Rules on investments are also very clear; thus, making the lives of the businessmen less complicated. Functions and role of law to a lawyer. In the field of law, Wendel says that he has done more than enough to ensure that lawyers operate within the specified rules and regulations of the field. This is from the verify that as a lawyer, I need guiding principles on all aspects that concern my job. This is both on a social and certified angle. It would automatically not be probable with the weight of my job to act without regulations and rules. My job necessitates acting within the lines of suitability and what is not satisfactory. Additionally, my job is also bound by forms of injustices and justices t hat can only be cleared with the application and proper appliance of laws, so as to take steps in agreement to the law’s prospects. Devoid of the rules, it is almost palpable that the crime levels will automatically augment on a higher scale. Human nature is prone to atrocities and numerous evils of criminal actions. Criminals and other persons with no good sense of reasoning are indeed not spared by the law. Protection of individuals is an obvious responsibility of the law, in business and in the society in general.

Understanding Middle Eastern Politics and Global Hegemony Essay

Understanding Middle Eastern Politics and Global Hegemony - Essay Example This perspective, according to Verbeek (2003), is strengthened by a traditional realist framework which integrates the positivist handbook reflection of international law and hence believes that international law is either at best simply a rationale for decision made based on interests in power politics or immaterial to concerns for national interest. Existing literature reviews show evidently the meagerness of scholarly attempts to explain the Suez crisis within the context of realist theory. The realist argument that law was quite irrelevant to either American or British foreign policy, outside its ability to give explanation for foreign policy, seems to neglect the historical proof that suggests international law had a greater significant effect on British and American foreign policy conduct (Fawcett, 2009). The realist argument that international law was either an easy alibi for policy motives or lacking relevance, as regards to British policy, seems to be flawed. Historical docu ments indicate that legal concerns were a major component considered by both American and British legislators in the development and execution of foreign policy throughout the Suez crisis (Fawcett, 2009). Realist theory, according to Hansen (2011), with its focus on actual exercises and demonstrations of power, would expect that if ever international law could consider the conduct of the State it would be to defend course of action where law reinforced the favored policy. If the State is somewhat less dominant or influential and in a ‘lower’ legal status, in the sense that its favored course of action would more simply be judged ‘unlawful’, realism would expect that law would become irrelevant to the policymaking process (Mattern, 2005). Realism would expect that... The researcher states argument that law was quite irrelevant to either American or British foreign policy, outside its ability to give explanation for foreign policy, seems to neglect the historical proof that suggests international law had a greater significant effect on British and American foreign policy conduct. The realist argument that international law was either an easy alibi for policy motives or lacking relevance, as regards to British policy, seems to be flawed. Historical documents indicate that legal concerns were a major component considered by both American and British legislators in the development and execution of foreign policy throughout the Suez crisis. Realist theory, according to Hansen, with its focus on actual exercises and demonstrations of power, would expect that if ever international law could consider the conduct of the State it would be to defend course of action where law reinforced the favored policy. If the State is somewhat less dominant or influenti al and in a ‘lower’ legal status, in the sense that its favored course of action would more simply be judged ‘unlawful’, realism would expect that law would become irrelevant to the policymaking process. Realism would expect that international law would become immaterial to a State where law and policy objectives conflict, and particularly in cases where the State is rivaling a quite stronger State and law is not an expression of ‘actual power’ as defined by realism.

Electronic Communication Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electronic Communication Technology - Essay Example However, because of the additional tubes it used, the receiver did not become common until the 1930’s when the levels of performance it provided became an essential requirement and the technology involved became cheaper too. The super-heterodyne receiver operates on the principle of heterodyning or frequency mixing in a non-linear fashion. Two different signals are mixed using an RF mixer, to produce an output that is the product of the instantaneous levels of the signals at both the inputs. The resulting output will contain signals at a frequency that is different from the two original signals. If f1 and f2 are the two original signals, the resulting new frequencies are expressed as the sum (f1 + f2) and difference (f1 – f2) of the two. If two signals, one at a frequency of 7.0 MHz and the other at a frequency of 8.0 MHz are heterodyned together, two new frequencies of 15 MHz and 1.0 MHz are produced. A suitable antenna is required to receive the radio signals, and they are often built into the receiver itself. The frequencies enter the circuitry from the antenna and then pass through the different stages of the receiver. The RF amplifier is the first stage of the super-het receiver, and it is used to amplify the signals prior to mixing. The level of amplification has to be carefully chosen. The amplifier must enable the signals to be sufficiently amplified with a good signal to noise ratio and must not overload the mixer. The amplified and tuned signals are then fed into a mixer circuit. A local oscillator is connected to the other port of the mixer. This local oscillator consists of a variable frequency oscillator that produces sine waves. The mixer combines the local oscillator signal with the original RF signal, and produces two new frequencies. The local oscillator may also be a frequency synthesiser. The mixer stage is used to enhance the received frequency to an intermediate stage. The signals leaving the mixer enter the IF stage.

Afro-American slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Afro-American slavery - Essay Example Slavery in America has been highly supported by the law. In 1686 the exchange of goods between blacks or between blacks and freemen was declared as not legal (Gikandi 244). In 1705 the House of Burgesses in Virginia promoted a series of laws aiming to ensure that slaves in the region would not be able to fight for their freedom in the future (Wood 11); also the above laws aimed to protect the interests of landowners in regard to their involvement in slavery (Wood 11). At the next level, in 1714, another law ‘prohibited blacks from planting their own corn, rice or peas’ (Gikandi 244). These laws aimed to control the efforts of slaves to improve their living conditions and to increase their autonomy. In practice, these laws were not fully applied, mostly because of the conflicts of interests developed in each particular region; for instance, in South Carolina masters preferred to allow a greater autonomy to slaves so that slavery is continued without problems, while in Vir ginia, a different attitude regarding the control over the slaves’ life was developed. This trend has led to the development of different systems of slaves’ control. In South Carolina the task system was promoted allowing to the slaves to use their free time as they wish; in Virginia the gang system was based on the close supervision of slaves almost all day prevented slaves from organizing their life. The cultivation of each section was assigned to a particular slave (Olwell 46), meaning that each slave had the total responsibility for the cultivation of the specific section.

Danages and their calculability Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Danages and their calculability - Research Paper Example Damages, generally, vary largely depending on the type of loss or injury sustained, the claim presented and the jurisdiction in which the claim is brought. Though the general concept of damages is well rooted in common law not all damages are, especially when considering those recoverable in securities law (Hames 101). Nevertheless damage awards are often at the center of controversy given their monetary nature and their debilitating effect. In response, congress has attempted to address these concerns by enacting several statutes limiting the monetary awards damages can afford. Nonetheless, damages play an integral part of every legal system, providing teeth to every bite civil law imposes. This paper seeks to discuss and examine the different types of fraud damages available in breach of contract, tort, and under Rule 10b-5 and how those damages are calculated. Because the rules governing damage awards very greatly on the jurisdiction they are pursued in, the aim of this paper is t o provide a general understanding of the customary rules governing common damage types. The discussion is divided in three parts. Part one will briefly discuss the nature of damages. Part two will discuss fraud damage types and calculability in three sections: compensatory damages and restitution, mitigation of damages and punitive damages. Part three will examine and analyze the damages for fraud, and their related drawbacks under tort, contract breach, and 10b-5. In the legal system, civil law has its core principles in a system that serves in the perspective of a primary source in law. Based on the Roman law’s framework, civil law was developed from Western Europe origins. The same can be contrasted with common law, which basis intellectual dependency on judge made decisional laws, that accord precedential authority to any prior court decisions. The latter is on the principle of unfairness in treating similar facts, on different occasions in a different manner. In discussi ng about these issues, calculation of damages in relation to a legal dispute is essential especially in diminution values. Diminution of values depicts a measure of value that can be termed lost as owed to circumstances causing loss. Diminutive in value is a measure on an items value prior to and subsequent to the ideal act or an omission done to create the value lost to ensure calculation of compensation changes. Relating to theories available in legal damages this type of value in mostly used for damages related to special compensations (Johnson 76). The principles of damages and their calculability Before damages can be recovered, there must be a wrong committed (M11). Even if a loss has been incurred, damages cannot be awarded absent a wrong or invasion of a legal right (M11). The objective of damages is to give the claimant compensation for the loss or injury he or she has suffered, as a result of a breach of duty or right owed to the claimant (M12). Damages in fraud are econom ic losses that include all financial and material losses, such as loss of profits incurred or loss of value. (M12). These losses on their face can be measured financially. The general purpose of damages is to award the claimant an amount of money that will put him or her in the same position had he or she not been wronged (M13). The rule however is not absolute. There are limitations where the compensation